Diabetic sugar is a pathological process associated with endocrine disorders, which develops as the effects of relative or absolute causes of the lack of insulin hormone. The result is a sharp increase in blood glucose concentration (hyperglycemia factor).
A characteristic characteristic of the disease is a violation of the metabolism at all systemic levels and a chronic course. In order to deeper the complexity of diabetes, the danger of many disorders that accompany the disease, it is necessary to reveal in detail the concepts of energy formation and metabolic processes.
For the harmonious functioning of all bodily systems, energy is vital. The body cannot generate independently, so it consumes it from external resources.
One of the special and important carriers of unique energy is the food base. Carbohydrate complexes, such as food components, are supplied to organisms to humans within 50-75% of energy as a whole.
Carbohydrates are the most medicality of organic substances on the earth's surface, they are kept at the cellular level throughout the living matter. They transfer energy to organs by giving life and prosperity to all systems.
But the body itself does not synthesize carbohydrates, but takes them with food. The largest number of these elements is concentrated in plant cells.
Carbohydrates are divided into simple (or monosaccharide) and complex (or polysaccharide). The first type includes glucose and fructose, the second - cellulose, starch, glycogen. The assimilation of all species happens with varying degrees of speed. Monosaccharides, as an energy base, enter the bloodstream at a rapid rate, leading to a sharp increase in sugar levels. The process of assimilation of polysaccharide is very slow. The main role of polysaccharides is the stabilization and quality of digestion in the intestinal department and the release of toxic substances and slag complexes.
Glucose is a dominant energy supplier, not free in the food publication. Its formation occurs by the breakdown of carbohydrates on the third side during food processing, and then transported to the blood. The sugar level is invariably increasing at the same time. Then, under the control and action of insulin, glucose passes into a cell. After moving inside, glucose performs a metabolic process.
Adjusting the sugar process
The Paramount function in regulating carbohydrate metabolic processes belongs to the hormone of the pancreas - insulin. Pancreatic (pancreas) is an organ that is responsible for the functionality and development of internal and external secretion. The internal secretion produces antagonistic hormones: insulin and glucagon. External secretion contributes to the development of a substance that normalizes digestion. These hormones are produced by feeding beta cells. Insulin reduces sugar and glucagon increases.
With increased glucose levels, insulin is thrown into the blood and provokes glucose penetration into the cell. The food contributes to the addition of insulin, so the sugar does not increase, its level is stable. Excess glucose is stored in the liver, such as glucagon, which, if necessary, is transformed into glucose. With glucose deficiency, glucagon retains glycogen, successfully transferring it to the consistency of glucose, more than giving energy to the body.
The normal glucose level varies from 75 to 115 mg/dl in the morning before eating. Then, after a meal, the glucose level reaches 125-145 mg/dl.
Diabetes
- Insulin -dependent form (type 1 diabetes mellitus);
- Insulin -dependent form (type 2 diabetes mellitus).
The first type of pathology is the inability of pancreatic cells to the development of the exact amount of insulin (production may be absent at all). The causes of such failures are both the complete death of the cells of the glands and the adverse factors - viruses, stress, weak immune system, malnutrition, inflammation of each form directly in the pancreas and excess fat.
Type 1 diabetes requires mandatory insulin injections according to strict graphics.
The second type of insulin -dependent disease is more common, characterized by the development of a sufficient insulin norm, but the body does not perceive it, the result is a small dose of insulin. The reasons are different: from obesity to diseases of the internal organs, thyroid and pituitary gland. An important point is the use of drugs from a different spectrum.
Signs
In both types of diseases, sugar cannot be absorbed at the cellular level and rooted in the blood cells, which forces them to starve them vigorously. The signs of diabetes of both types are the same - this is repeated urination, in large quantities the desire to drink plenty of fluids, reducing body weight with good nutrition, increased fatigue, low skin regeneration, wounds and purulent formations.
The differences in signs are only as follows: the first type develops at the shortest possible time and is quite bright. In patients with the second type of disease, latent, without signs, and may feel accidental. Sugar is found in the urine of such people, the presence of which is abnormal. In the urine of patients, the first type is sugar and acetone.
Treatment
The first type is treated with permanent insulin injections according to graphics and if type 2 diabetes is developed. ,Hypoglycaemic treatment with drugs that reduce the concentration of sugar is prescribed. The moment of integrated approach and proper therapy is important here.
Oral drugs
- In the initial stage of the disease, the treatment of A-glucosidase inhibitors, sulfonylmochewvin are effective.
- Medicines - Biguanides.
- Plant medicines, folk remedies, various nutritional supplements are used effectively in the treatment of diabetes.
It is important to know and understand that the disease is insidious and dangerous complications. In all directions, they crawl quietly and in the future can lead to damage and often death.
Possible problems
- Periodontal disease, stomatitis.
- Liver disease.
- Bile disorders.
- Brain disorder and malfunction in blood supply.
- Diseases of visual channels and various lesions, possibly blindness.
Diet
Therapeutic food is called a scientifically "diet of nine", which is strictly prescribed in the order of the doctor, of the type of disease. It is important to focus on the guided principle, for example, excluding fried, spicy, salty and spicy foods. Below with canned billets and alcohol, and remove sweets. Strict control and restriction of fat, fractional food techniques. Diabetes diet is the main component for maintaining a relatively normal condition.
With type 1 diabetes
Dietary rules with this type are aimed at correctly calculating the unit of bread or carbohydrates in the food. It is not important not the food itself, but the quantitative parameters.
The account is maintained: consumption of single food with 7-8 bread, in carbohydrates up to 90 grams. Before eating, the dose of insulin and the amount of bread in units are always calculated before meals. The completely sweet liquid of all kinds is excluded.
With type 2 diabetes
Here, most importantly, for stabilizing carbohydrate processes. Exercise and reduction of food consumption through calories are used in treatment. The calculation is carried out by an individual program.
Allowed products
- Broth with mushrooms and vegetables, beet soup, oral, decoction of low fat fish decoction.
- Pieces of low beef, veal, rabbit, chicken fillet.
- Rye and wheat species of bread, bran.
- Fish without fat: You can cook and bake.
- Small cheeses, sour kitchen, sour.
- The egg is up to 2 pieces a week and only protein. The yellow is from time to time.
- Millet, barley porridge, buckwheat, oatmeal and barley
- Greenery salad, pumpkin, cucumber, tomatoes, zucchini, cabbage and eggplant. Preferably the vegetables are cooked and baked. The potatoes are very small.
- Fruits and fruits without sweetness, such as apples, grapefruit. Juices and compotes on sorbite.
Prohibited products
- Thick meat broth.
- Fatty meat of all kinds.
- Pies, rollers, sdoba.
- Fat fish.
- Any type of pickles and smoking.
- Fish and meat in canned goods, in butter solutions, caviar.
- All salty cheeses, types of cheese with sugar, butter.
- White varieties of rice, savory and pasta in any shape.
- Salt and marinades, vegetables from the bean family.
- Strawberries, grapes, figs, bananas, dates, sweet, chocolate.
- Grapes, peach and other species with increased sweetness.
With alarm signals, it is immediately to go to the doctors if the symptoms of diabetes are found and start timely preventative measures and course for treatment. Prevention is especially important for those who have a genetic tendency for type 2 diabetes, excess body weight or pathology in the pancreas.
Today, the patient with this disease has relevant and real opportunities to avoid difficulties and to remain at a high quality level of life. Anyone can avoid and stop the spread of the consequences of the disease. Every patient is easily accessible to all types of diabetes treatment. This is a wide range of plant and synthetic variants of medicines, insulin preparations, devices for their contribution to the body, a control apparatus.
Today, unique courses and seminars are available aimed at teaching patients. High -end experts, professionals in their field in accessible and informatively introduced in the course of all desire and suffering on all issues related to the disease.
Important rules for diabetics
- Constant check and consultation with a cardiologist to avoid the development of atherosclerosis and heart attack.
- Difficult pressure control.
- Frequent visit to the ophthalmic office, check the visual apparatus.
- Checking the condition of the blood vessels and joints of the lower limbs.
- Staying in the fresh air is enough.